Part III
Global Journalism
Associated Press and International News
·Take reports
from overseas correspondents (over 200) and package them for
·Serve
subscribers to AP overseas - about 8000 subscribers in 112 countries
·Deliver
news in 5 different languages
·American
news represents about 20-25% of total news content
Major News Agencies
*Associated Press (AP)
*Agence
France-Presse
*Reuters
United Press International
(UPI)
ITAR-TASS
* Provide 80% of news globally
International Print Media
Newspapers
International
Herald Tribune
NY
Times
Financial
Times
Economist
Magazines
Time
Newsweek
Readers
Digest
International Electronic News Media
Radio
BBC
World Service
VOA
World
Radio Network
TV
CNN
BBC
World Service TV
Sky
News
Euronews
Video News Agencies
Reuters
TV (VisNews)
APTN
(World Television News)
Impact of CNN
·First 24
hour/day news service
·Brings
international news to U.S.
·Brings
U.S.-journalism style to rest of world
·
independent from government
·fact-based
journalism
·short,
tight stories
·visually
oriented
Three Stages of CNN
·1980-1990 -
establish itself as a professional news organization
·1990-2000 -
establish itself as a global entity
2000-? - establish a
digital presence - in TV and Internet
CNN
CNN
CNN Headline News
CNN Radio
CNN International
CNN World Report news
exchange
CNN Newsource
Noticierio
Telemundo - CNN
CNN Radio Noticias
CNN Interactive (CNN.com)
CNN fn
CNN SI
CNN En Espanol
Non-English CNN Services
·CNN
Deutschland
·CNN+ (
·CNNTurk
One of next targets is
CNN Competition
GLOBAL
·BBC World Service
·NBC
·CNBC
·Euronews
·SKYNews
·Fox
·
·Deutsche Welle
·Channel News
DOMESTIC
·MSNBC
·Fox News
·CNBC (financial news)
·Bloomberg (financial news)
·ESPN (with CNN SI)
·Weather Channel
·Network News Service (NNS)
Criticisms of CNN
American news
little interpretation or
analysis
many only watch during
crisis
note: CNN has cut back on
hard-news staff during 2001
Negative Impacts of New Technology
Being first more important
than being right
tendency to cover stories
live even if not all that important
updating done frequently
even if nothing important to add
Too much information, too little
knowledge, almost no wisdom.
Decreasing International News
Despite the increasing
impact of international issues on the
Increased use of wire
services, stringers, and parachuting reporters into hotspots.
Reasons for Decreasing International Reporting
Cost of reporters and
foreign bureaus
Lack of interest (perceived
and real) of international news by American public
Ease of travel to parachute
in reporters and crew when something of interest does occur
Why Events Make News
distribution of
news-gathering resources
importance of host country
ease of reporting
content
International Business News
Specialized financial news
on the rise
Reuters
Bloomberg
Financial Times
Economist
Dow Jones
Reasons for Rise in International Business News Coverage
More investors have stock
in international companies
Multinational companies
affect everyone
International context is
needed even to understand national business news
Problems in International Financial News Coverage
Allocate resources based on
a region's importance in terms of world trade
Priorities change with
shifts in the global economy
Over-reliance on stock
market and international trade stories
Media Freedom 2005
www.freedomhouse.org
Most Free
Least Free
Major Barriers
to Good Journalism
Government ownership and control
Lack of legal protection
Legal censorship
Inability to obtain information
Restrictive libel laws
No protection for sources
Physical intimidation by government, police,
powerful private figures
Economic pressures
Advertisors
Ratings
Self-censorship
Low-quality journalism
No code of ethics
Little training
The First Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment
of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the
freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a
redress of grievance.
Freedoms Guaranteed by 1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech vs. Other Rights
Security
Obscenity
Privacy
Libel
Access to information
Source protection
Council of
Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This
right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart
information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless
of frontiers. This article shall not prevent States from requiring the
licensing of broadcasting, television, or cinema enterprises.
The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it
duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities,
conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are
necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security,
territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder
or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection
of the reputation or rights of others, for the protection of information
received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and
impartiality of the judiciary.
Bulgarian Constitution
Article 39.
(1) Everyone shall be entitled to express an opinion or
to publicize it through words, written or oral, sound or image, or in any other
way
(2) This right shall not be used to the detriment of the rights
and reputation of others, or for the incitement of a forcible change of
the constitutionally established order, the perpetration of a crime,
or the incitement of enmity or violence against anyone.
Freedom of the Press in
Government
ownership and control
No
constitution or bill of rights
Legal
censorship
Difficulty
in obtaining information
Libel
laws over-protect government figures
Police
intervention
No
laws to protect confidential sources
Attitude
of government towards media
Major Problems for Journalists
Stuart Loory, editor The Global Journalist
Dedication to accuracy and
perspective in these days of political correctness
Participation in factual
reporting and not simply spouting opinions and unverified information from
debriefings
Covering substantial,
significant stories and not frivolous and unimportant ones
Determination to keep
reporters out of harms way in pursuing dangerous stories that threaten their
lives
Allowing news audiences to
provide feedback in a manner that is respected
Journalism Education
Skills vs. theory vs.
liberal arts
Critical areas
Multiculturalism
Media conglomeration
Multimedia
Internationalization