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Haskins, James & Kathleen Benson, eds. Out of the Darkness: The  Story of Blacks Moving North,1890-1940  .  New York:            Benchmark Books, 2000.
 
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Lemann, Nicholas. The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How  it Changed America. New York:  A.A. Knopf,             1991.

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Wright, Richard. 12 Million Black Voices.  New York: Arno Press  and The New York Times, 1969.